martes, 29 de julio de 2008

LITERATURA LATINOAMERICANA


A mediados de la década de 1970 aparecen en la novela latinoamericana cambios formales, verbales, temáticos y discursivos tan significantes que se puede afirmar que el canon literario instituido por la prestigiosa novelística del "Boom" de los años 60 comienza a ser reemplazado por un nuevo canon, llamado por los críticos "novela postmacondiana" (Valencia Solanilla 1986), "nueva novela" (Swanson 1990; Sklodowska 1991), "novela " (Giraldo B. 1994), novela del "Postboom" (Shaw 1988; Lindstrom 1994) y hasta "novela postmoderna" (Volek 1994; R. L. Williams 1995). NELSON GONZALEZ ORTEGA

No ha sido posible que la editoriales Españolas cambien sus políticas de mercadeo y distribución, lo que nos priva de tener la información suficiente sobre lo que se publica en países diferentes al nuestro, pues los autores en su mayoría solo son editados en sus países de origen. Esta parcelación ha sido nefasta, pero aun así sobra decir que las ferias, la red y los festivales han cumplido con la tarea de divulgación que no hacen las editoras. Es muy grato comprobar que la literatura y la novela en Latinoamérica cuentan con una serie de escritores noveles de excelente calidad y comprobar a la vez, como el fenómeno del Boom, que en su grandeza y momento eclipso a toda una generación, incluso mucho después de su florecimiento, no ha impidido afortunamente el reconocimiento de esta camada de escritores, que gozan de un publico cautivo y traducciones. Dejando al lado a Roberto Bolaños, que constituye un fenómeno fuera de serie, esta claro que el espectro general es amplio y variopinto. Mi gusto y lecturas me permiten señalar en Argentina a Guillermo Martínez, Mempo Gardinelli, Caparros, Juan Terranova, para solo citar algunos. De Perú es indiscutible la calidad de algunos novelistas jóvenes como Daniel Alarcón, Santiago Roncagliolo e Ivan Thays, las novelas de Roncagliolo están muy cerca al género negro, de fácil lectura y perfecta factura. En México Jorge Volpi, es un escritor de grandes ligas, universal, pertenece a la famosa generación del Crack, su última novela “no será la tierra” es una obra protagonizada por tres mujeres de distintas generaciones que narra las "grandes transformaciones" que sufre el siglo XX con el derrumbe de la Unión Soviética, el triunfo del capitalismo y los avances científicos y con la que cierra una tribología sobre el siglo XX. En Colombia Santiago Gamboa es un excelnte ejemplo de la calidad y hondura de ésta nueva generación, acabo de leer el “Síndrome de Ulises” deliciosa, entretenida, ahora publicó “Hotel Pekín”, esperamos disfrutarlo muy pronto. En un excelente momento se encuentra también Rosero, Collazos y Juan Gabriel Vázquez quien con “historia secreta de Costaguana” decanta como novelista, es en lo sumo una novela agradable y atrevida, en las hipótesis que encubre. A proposito Vásquez en un dialogo expresó con acierto con respecto al reto de la literatura latina "Existe esa cosa tan absolutamente latinoamericana: el hecho de que el escritor tiene que dar respuestas", nada más cierto. A la gama de talentos Chilenos se le debe sumar los jóvenes Álvaro Bisama y Alejandro Zambra, de cuba Wendy Guerra, Rolando Menéndez, Ena Lucía Portela y Karla Suárez, Centro América es otro cuento aun más sorprendente. Sobra decir que esta suma de talentos nos tiene muy contentos y es indudable que faltan muchos por citar.

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